Operating drones legally in Australia requires adherence to a structured system of legislation and guidance materials. This framework of drone legislation ensures the safety of all airspace users and the general public. The primary components of this hierarchy include:

1. Civil Aviation Act 1988

The Civil Aviation Act 1988 serves as the foundational legal framework for aviation safety in Australia. It establishes the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) and grants it the authority to regulate civil aviation, including unmanned aircraft operations. The Act emphasizes the development and enforcement of safety standards to prevent aviation accidents and incidents. 

2. Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR)

Under the authority of the Civil Aviation Act, the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR) provide detailed regulations for various aspects of aviation. Particularly relevant to drone operations is:

Part 101 – Unmanned Aircraft and Rockets

Part 101 of the CASR contains the rules for operating unmanned aircraft, including drones (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems – RPAS), model aircraft, unmanned balloons, and rockets. Introduced in 2002, it was among the first comprehensive regulatory frameworks for unmanned aircraft globally. Part 101 covers:

  • Operational requirements for different categories of unmanned aircraft

  • Certification processes for operators

  • Safety and maintenance standards

  • Restrictions on where and how drones can be flown

These regulations are enforced by CASA to ensure safe integration of drones into Australian airspace. 

3. Part 101 Manual of Standards (MOS)

The Part 101 Manual of Standards (MOS) provides detailed technical and operational standards to support the regulations outlined in CASR Part 101. Issued under regulation 101.028 of the CASR, the MOS includes:

  • Training and competency requirements for remote pilots

  • Operational procedures for various drone activities

  • Maintenance and record-keeping obligations

  • Specific provisions for different drone categories

The MOS ensures that operators have clear guidance on complying with regulatory requirements, promoting consistency and safety across drone operations. 

4. Part 101 Advisory Circulars (ACs)

Advisory Circulars (ACs) related to Part 101 offer non-mandatory guidance to help operators understand and comply with the regulations. They provide practical examples, interpretative material, and best practices. Key ACs include:

  • AC 101-01: Covers licensing and operational guidance for remotely piloted aircraft systems. 

  • AC 101-03: Provides information on operating model aircraft or drones for recreational or educational purposes. 

While ACs are not legally binding, they are valuable resources for understanding the expectations and interpretations of CASA regarding drone operations.

By following this framework of drone legislation —from the overarching Civil Aviation Act to the detailed guidance in Advisory Circulars—drone operators in Australia can ensure they operate safely and within the legal requirements.

Additional Resources Specific to the Drone Space:

  • Drone Safety Apps and Websites: CASA endorses tools like the “Ok 2 Fly?” app, which helps drone pilots understand where they are allowed to fly based on the current regulatory environment.
  • Standard Operating Conditions: For commercial operators with a Remote Operator Certificate (ReOC), CASA specifies standard operating conditions under which operations must be conducted without additional approvals (e.g., flying in uncontrolled airspace below 400 feet, within visual line of sight).

Summary of Drone Legislation in Australia:

  1. Civil Aviation Act (CAA) – Establishes CASA’s authority to regulate aviation safety, including drone operations.
  2. Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASR) – Part 101 specifically covers drones and sets the operational rules, pilot licensing, and certification requirements.
  3. Manual of Standards (MOS) – Provides detailed standards for drone operations, including training, certification, and special permissions (e.g., BVLOS).
  4. Advisory Circulars (AC) – Offers guidance for compliance with regulations, including how to apply for certifications and permissions for advanced drone operations.